Today we begin to address The theme “Agrarian movements in La Unión European (EU) ”, to raise our position and demarcate with how official representatives and monopoly The press on the protest or demonstration of farmers (Bauerkampf), where they put everything as a tailor drawer under that concept of Farmers, this is the great monopolists and other capitalists of the imperialist countries of the EU, which exploit agriculture as a special field of capital investment and true farmers, to the agrarian proletariat and the peasants.
Protests against "reforms" or measures EU agrarian, which show the contradictions, among those above, which They develop in collusion and struggle, which causes the application of measures or "reform" of the common agrarian policy of the EU (PAC) of 1962, to serve the strategic interests of imperialist countries, which make up That alliance, mainly Germany, the power that heads it, to treat of recovering the step in their claims to contend for world hegemony.
But, the contradiction of true farmers - the agrarian workers and the peasants - against their exploiters, although relegated in the media by the agrarian crisis, it develops and is a objective fact that the increase in the price of food products collides against the mass of consumer of the countryside and the city, most of which They are the workers; as is also a fact that the taxes allocated to Agricultural subsidies for large monopolists are part of the plusvalia that capitalists extract from the exploitation of the proletariat and This encourages contradictions. Agricultural grants and policy of EU prices favors capitalist landowners and large capitalists in the imperialist countries of the EU and the semi -feudal landowners and great bourgeoisie in the semicolonial countries within the EU. The claims for Subsidies and agricultural prices are against the proletariat.
The "reform" is officially to answer to the Structural change in agriculture , is defined as “the situation of the Decline of small agricultural farms y Increase in size E intensity of the remaining farms in almost all regions and countries of the EU-27 ”, Where imperialist countries and countries are counted oppressed included in said alliance. "This increase (of great farms) has significant implications For multifunctional paper and the resilience of European agriculture , especially with regard to the support of the economic activity and employment in rural areas , the increase in these, the environmental quality maintenance, biodiversity protection and the conservation of the landscape and its beauty ”.
The problem of structural change on its own Definition They are presented to them:
"A substantial decrease in the number of agricultural farms in almost all NUTS 2 regions of the EU-27, and a prevalence of the adaptation strategies that entail An increment significant the size or intensity of the remaining farms and/or a greater dependence on union regarding agricultural imports . This tendency to agricultural concentration results especially evident in the South and Eastern Regions ”.
This leads them to consider a new model European Agrarian (MAE), which “underlines the process of long structural change term. Unlike the cases related to a standard prototype of agricultural management, dissipates the
notion of a unique exploitation model Agrarian and underlines the need for land management systems that promote the multifunctionality and the provision of public goods as a central task of European agricultural systems , highlighting the dynamic character of the Evolution of soil management in the EU. (…) This change towards a Growing diversity of agricultural models It has important Implications for the Governance , but also should allow an adaptation of agricultural systems according to their Location in all European regions. In the future , el HE will form by adaptation strategies adopted in each exploitation y along the value chains to respond to the challenges specific to each sector and external that They are raised ”(Synthesis of the study on «The future of the European agricultural model: socio -economic repercussions and territorial of the decrease in the number of agricultural and farmers farms in the EU ». The full study, available in English, can be downloaded at: https://bit.ly/3tSgpfa , Ipol | Thematic Department of Structural and Cohesion Policies).
"PAC reform" is presented as "a Key policy to move towards more sustainable food systems. ” Sustainable development ”, which covers three elements: economic, ecological, social. About what we have just said and the above we will return in the development of the subject.
For now, it is appropriate to contrast with the done what we have said at the beginning and we will read below in the details Marx theoretics. Let's start with:
“
Farms
agricultural and land property
The Richer farmers in Germany are not farmers at all (web agr Heute of 29.12.2023) (...)
Big
Industry and commerce owners.
(...) You can learn some things from Statistics: Of the total of 262,800 agricultural companies registered in the census Agrícola de 2020, almost 4 percent or 10,200 were legal persons or societies.
Of this group, 3,700 companies or 36 per one hundred belonged to the so -called business group, according to the statistics of Destatis, that is, to an agricultural holding company. At that time, these holdings They managed an agricultural area of 1.84 million hectares. This It represented more than 11 percent of the total agricultural area of Germany.
These large agricultural companies are They concentrate especially in eastern Germany and their owners are usually multimillionaires or multimillionaires of industry and commerce . In the east, in Misklemburg-Western Pomerania, they manage between the 19 percent of the total agricultural area and 37 percent in Turingia, depending on the federated state.
The
agricultural holdings have huge surfaces
And to make clear this high Surface proportion: Depending on the federated state, farms They have in total between 230,000 hectares and almost 300,000 hectares "under the plow". The typical thing is that the money with which the holdings are bought as a whole it normally comes from fonts completely different from the agriculture .
The names of the great owners, to Those who like to work in secret, sound almost like the "who is Who "of industry and commerce: German agricultural holding known was undoubtedly the missing Ktg-Agrar, with Siegfried Hofreiter to the Head, to be back with the law in 2023 entered into conflict.
The great company that is quoted in the stock exchange sometimes up to 45,000 hectares of land, mainly in Mecklemburg-Western Pomerania and Brandeburg. Of these, about 20,000 hectares were their own.
After the bankruptcy of KTG-Agrar in 2016, the newly founded Deutsche Agrar Holding (DAH) took over a large part of KTG surfaces and associated biogas plants and follow them managing until today. The DAH is a Foundation of the Gustav Foundation Zech, based in Bremen. Behind this there is a construction company and Investor
The Munichre insurance company also bought Many lands of KTG agr assets and subsequently bought other companies.
The more land, the more Brussels money
Other great investors with thousands of hectares of agricultural lands are the pharmaceutical company Merkle, the founder from Remondis, Rehmann, the Martin heating technology manufacturer Viessman and the furniture manufacturer and owner of a Steinhof conglomerate.
There are also the Great Industrial Silvio Dornier, retailer Aldi Nord and the owners of the logistics company FEGE. To name a few.
However, there is a way to find the owners and the lands behind the enormous agricultural exploitations and, Therefore, at least part of the money that flows to these companies: they are the direct payments that all agricultural companies receive .
Some time ago, the Federal Government published For the first time a summary of the structures of the great agricultural holdings In Germany and EU agricultural payments assigned to the numerous subsidiaries .
According to this data,
Dah Holding, based in
Oranienburg, Brandeburg, is the largest German agricultural holding company with more than 36
agricultural subsidiaries, or what is the same: it has the greatest amount of land
.
In 2019, around 5.36 million euros in agricultural payments of the EU
First pillar were allocated to the DAH.
Bill
Gates: the largest owner of agricultural lands in the United States ”
That is the subsidy system that favors
the "structural change" in benefit of large agricultural farms in
the EU-14 and the great estates in the EU-13.
As the European Commission studies say
:
“ The driving factors of the decline of agricultural farms are mainly structural, economic and social and, to a lesser extent, environmental.
Factors such as subsidies and prices agricultural, and macroeconomic and demographic variables perform a greater paper in new member states and affect differently from different types of farms.
Prior studies on driving factors of the agricultural structural change in the EU-27
indicate that the main determinant of the agricultural structure is the agricultural structure itself in the
past.
- The strong dependence on trends structural regarding local conditions, which show that main structural factor of the decrease in the number of farms is a market structure that favors intensive production and large -scale farms, linked to increasingly reduced margins and to the low negotiation capacity.
- In addition, barriers to entrance aggravate the problems of demographic change (aging aging) and Rural exodus.
- Although there is concern about the system of Union subsidies, consensus is maintained
regarding such aids are indispensable, but must adapt even more to reverse the
Negative effects (Our Summary of “The Agricultural Model European (MAE) (...) MAE dynamics ", of the summary of" The future of the model European agricultural: socioeconomic and territorial repercussions of the decrease of the number of agricultural farms and farmers in the EU ». The study Complete, available in English, can be downloaded at:
Who favors subsidies?
1. To the landowners: the official data indicate that more than 60 percent of agricultural farms are capitalist tenants who pay capitalist income from the land or to tenants in the new member countries that pay the rent or tax to landowners of those countries in "transition process", which for now the We will call like this to use an official euphemism.
2. To the great capitalists who invest in Agriculture and the greats of bureaucratic capital in the new states EU members, as the cited study says:
"Since the PAC focuses fundamentally in addressing economic issues (agricultural income,
competitiveness, market pressures), a disproportionate part of the expense is assigned to
great farms, thus accelerating implicitly the concentration processes ”(Political Responses of the Study aforementioned. PAC: common agrarian policy).
You have to differentiate subsidies Agricultural of compensatory policies .
The governments mix both is to cover up the first prohibited by the rules of the competition nationally and internationally (WTO), they go against the rules of competition between capitalists, at present, under the conditions of the monopoly or imperialist capitalism .
Compensatory policies:
They are the ones that apply, when it has been arrived
to a situation in which the peasantry not only has to give up its entire
gain the (plusproduct) but has to deliver part of what its
livelihood to stay, means that it has entered below the minimum
Salary physicist. For historical reasons, it can fall below the
Physical minimum value, then social compensation plans apply, the
philanthropy; "The peasant, the traditional settler was sunk in the
humiliation of poverty and everything under the pretext of being owners
private. "That is what afflicts small farmers, that afflicts
The miifundistas. The little peasant worldwide.
The governments, reactionary states, the European Union and the great agricultural organizations, in redoubled collusion and reactionary struggle, which They traffic demagogically with the interest of the peasantry and what they say Represent it only represent the agrarian capitalists and the Conservative peasantry, never to the revolutionary.
We do not intend, In these lines, offer a study or an article finished on the subject of agrarian movements in the EU, which are widely and deep through of the set data the situation in the agriculture in the EU or in a country determined, such complex theme; These lines are only notes about the subject, as a necessary effort to point out the complexity of the problem, seeking Advance in your Esclareciminto and boost your study and discussion to mobilize with the correct slogans to this part of the population (the rural proletariat and the peasantry) in the countries imperialists and oppressed countries that belong to the European Union, Imperialist Alliance to seek to contend for world hegemony.
The solution for the proletariat and the
peasantry in imperialist countries is its red republic, this is to do the
socialist revolution and develop it with the dictatorship of the proletariat and in
Oppressed countries develop the democratic revolution in progress
uninterrupted to the socialist revolution, both through popular war
directed by the Communist Party.
1. It is necessary to specify the relationship between theory and reality :
- The scientific value of all the thesis of the Marx's abstract theory "is the ideal of capitalist production, but never the reality of this ". All the laws of capitalism discovered by Marx describes only the ideal of capitalism, but never their reality.
- "We only set ourselves," Marx wrote - present here the internal organization of capitalist production mode in its Ideal measure "(in Ihrem Idealen Durchschnitt. Das Kapital, III, 2, 367; trad. Russian, p. 688)
- Capital theory assumes that the worker Receive the total value of your workforce. This is the ideal of capitalism, but in no way its reality. Income theory assumes that The agricultural population is totally divided into landowners, capitalists and salaried workers. This is the ideal of ca-
Pitalism, but in no way its reality.
- You have to differentiate , therefore, when We talk about theoretical problems , d E When we talk about problems concrete historical . In the case of the "Agrarian Movement in the EU", "Las Las Abstract truths of the theory only represent the role of thread driver, instrument for the analysis of specific data ”.
The three
First details, preceded, come from a Lenin appointment, works
Complete, volume 4, p. 86 and the last of the same work cited p. 89.
- The income of the Earth, we only address it to the extent that part of the Plusvalía generated by capital goes to the landowner. Therefore, we assume that agriculture, like manufacturing, is dominated by the mode of capitalist production, that is, agriculture is carried out by capitalists that initially differ from other capitalists only in The element in which their capital and wage labor are invested Post in motion by this capital.
- If he
capitalist production generally presupposes the expropriation of
working conditions of workers, then in agriculture
presupposes the expropriation of the land of rural workers and their
subordination to a capitalist who is dedicated to agriculture for the purpose of
profit.
- The previous requirement for the mode of
capitalist production is as follows: true farmers are workers
wage earners, employed by a capitalist, the lessee, who only practices
Agriculture as a special field of capital exploitation, as a
Investment of its capital in a special production sphere.
-This lessee capitalist pays to
landowner, the owner of the land that explodes, a sum of money
Fixed contractually (as does the capital borrower
monetary) on certain dates, for example, for permission to
Use your capital in this particular field. of production. This sum of
money is called land rent, regardless of whether it comes from
cultivable land, construction works, mines, if you pay fishing,
forests, etc.
- The
land rental, pay for all the time during which the owner
From the land he contained or rented the land to the lessee. Here,
Earth's rent is the way the property is made and used
economically.
- In addition, we have here the three classes that
They constitute the framework of modern society, together and faced: the
salaried worker, industrial capitalist and landowner.
The Theoretical details that precede belong to Carlos Marx, Capital, t. III, Sixth Section: Transformation of Plusganance in Basic Income, Introductory information.
Intensive and extensive agriculture, capitalist estates and semi -feudal estates. Commercial agriculture and subsistence agriculture and mystage of small agricultural producers .
Is
important to have a clear idea of what these concepts mean to
differentiate the capitalist or semi -feudal character of agriculture in the EU,
both in the 14, especially southern Italy and Spain, and to these countries,
With the 13th of Eastern Europe. Thus, we can differentiate large companies
capitalist agrarian of the large agro -export companies of the
Semifeudal agriculture.
Will continue