Today we begin to address
The theme “Agrarian movements in La Unión
European
(EU) ”, to raise our
position and demarcate with how official representatives and monopoly
The press on the protest or demonstration of farmers (Bauerkampf),
where they put everything as a tailor drawer under that concept of
Farmers, this is the great
monopolists and other capitalists
of the imperialist countries of the EU, which exploit agriculture as
a special field of capital investment and true farmers,
to the agrarian proletariat and the peasants.
Protests against "reforms" or measures
EU agrarian, which show the contradictions, among those above, which
They develop in collusion and struggle, which causes the application of
measures or "reform" of the common agrarian policy of the EU (PAC) of 1962, to
serve the strategic interests of imperialist countries, which make up
That alliance, mainly Germany, the power that heads it, to treat
of recovering the step in their claims to contend for world hegemony.
But, the contradiction of true
farmers - the agrarian workers and the peasants - against their exploiters,
although relegated in the media by the agrarian crisis, it develops and is a
objective fact that the increase in the price of food products collides
against the mass of consumer of the countryside and the city, most of which
They are the workers; as is also a fact that the taxes allocated to
Agricultural subsidies for large monopolists are part of the
plusvalia that capitalists extract from the exploitation of the proletariat and
This encourages contradictions. Agricultural grants and policy of
EU prices favors capitalist landowners and large
capitalists in the imperialist countries of the EU and the semi -feudal landowners
and great bourgeoisie in the semicolonial countries within the EU. The claims for
Subsidies and agricultural prices are against the proletariat.
The "reform" is officially to answer
to the
Structural change in agriculture
, is defined as “the
situation of the
Decline of small agricultural farms
y
Increase in size E
intensity of the remaining farms in almost all regions and countries
of the EU-27
”, Where imperialist countries and countries are counted
oppressed included in said alliance.
"This increase (of great farms) has
significant implications
For multifunctional paper and the resilience of European agriculture
,
especially with regard to the support of the
economic activity
and employment in rural areas
, the increase in these, the
environmental quality maintenance, biodiversity protection and
the conservation of the landscape and its beauty ”.
The problem of structural change on its own
Definition They are presented to them:
"A substantial decrease in the number of
agricultural farms in almost all NUTS 2 regions of the EU-27, and a
prevalence of the adaptation strategies that entail
An increment
significant the size or intensity of the remaining farms and/or a
greater dependence on union regarding agricultural imports
. This
tendency to agricultural concentration results
especially evident in the
South and Eastern Regions
”.
This leads them to consider a new model
European Agrarian (MAE), which “underlines the process of long structural change
term. Unlike the cases related to a standard prototype of
agricultural management, dissipates the
notion of a unique exploitation model
Agrarian and underlines the need for land management systems that promote
the
multifunctionality and the provision of public goods as a central task
of European agricultural systems
, highlighting the dynamic character of the
Evolution of soil management in the EU. (…) This change towards
a
Growing diversity of agricultural models
It has important
Implications
for the
Governance
, but also
should allow an adaptation of agricultural systems according to their
Location in all European regions. In the future
, el
HE
will form by adaptation strategies adopted in each exploitation
y
along the value chains to respond to the challenges
specific to each sector and external that
They are raised
”(Synthesis of the study on
«The future of the European agricultural model: socio -economic repercussions and
territorial of the decrease in the number of agricultural and farmers farms
in the EU ». The full study, available in English, can be downloaded at:
https://bit.ly/3tSgpfa
, Ipol |
Thematic Department of Structural and Cohesion Policies).
"PAC reform" is presented as "a
Key policy to move towards more sustainable food systems. ”
Sustainable development ”, which covers three elements: economic, ecological,
social. About what we have just said and the above we will return
in the development of the subject.
For now, it is appropriate to contrast with the
done what we have said at the beginning and we will read below in the details
Marx theoretics. Let's start with:
“
Farms
agricultural and land property
The
Richer farmers in Germany are not farmers at all (web agr
Heute of 29.12.2023)
(...)
Big
Industry and commerce owners.
(...) You can learn some things from
Statistics: Of the total of 262,800 agricultural companies registered in the census
Agrícola de 2020, almost 4 percent or 10,200 were legal persons or
societies.
Of this group, 3,700 companies or 36 per
one hundred belonged to the so -called business group, according to the statistics of
Destatis, that is, to an agricultural holding company. At that time, these holdings
They managed an agricultural area of 1.84 million hectares. This
It represented more than 11 percent of the total agricultural area of Germany.
These large agricultural companies are
They concentrate especially in eastern Germany and their owners are usually
multimillionaires or multimillionaires of industry and commerce
. In the east, in Misklemburg-Western Pomerania, they manage between the
19 percent of the total agricultural area and 37 percent in Turingia,
depending on the federated state.
The
agricultural holdings have huge surfaces
And to make clear this high
Surface proportion: Depending on the federated state, farms
They have in total between 230,000 hectares and almost 300,000 hectares "under the
plow".
The typical thing is that the money with which the holdings are bought
as a whole it normally comes from fonts completely different from the
agriculture
.
The names of the great owners, to
Those who like to work in secret, sound almost like the "who is
Who "of industry and commerce: German agricultural holding
known was undoubtedly the missing Ktg-Agrar, with Siegfried Hofreiter to the
Head, to be back with the law in 2023 entered into conflict.
The great company that is quoted in the stock exchange
sometimes up to 45,000 hectares of land, mainly in
Mecklemburg-Western Pomerania and Brandeburg. Of these, about 20,000
hectares were their own.
After the bankruptcy of KTG-Agrar in 2016, the
newly founded Deutsche Agrar Holding (DAH) took over a large part of
KTG surfaces and associated biogas plants and follow them
managing until today. The DAH is a Foundation of the Gustav Foundation
Zech, based in Bremen. Behind this there is a construction company and
Investor
The Munichre insurance company also bought
Many lands of KTG agr assets and subsequently bought
other companies.
The more land, the more Brussels money
Other great investors with thousands of
hectares of agricultural lands are the pharmaceutical company Merkle, the founder
from Remondis, Rehmann, the Martin heating technology manufacturer
Viessman and the furniture manufacturer and owner of a Steinhof conglomerate.
There are also the Great Industrial Silvio
Dornier, retailer Aldi Nord and the owners of the logistics company
FEGE. To name a few.
However, there is a way to find
the owners and the lands behind the enormous agricultural exploitations and,
Therefore, at least part of the money that flows to these companies: they are the
direct payments that all agricultural companies receive
.
Some time ago, the Federal Government published
For the first time a summary of the structures of the great agricultural holdings
In Germany and
EU agricultural payments assigned to the numerous
subsidiaries
.
According to this data,
Dah Holding, based in
Oranienburg, Brandeburg, is the largest German agricultural holding company with more than 36
agricultural subsidiaries, or what is the same: it has the greatest amount of land
.
In 2019, around 5.36 million euros in agricultural payments of the EU
First pillar were allocated to the DAH.
Bill
Gates: the largest owner of agricultural lands in the United States ”
That is the subsidy system that favors
the "structural change" in benefit of large agricultural farms in
the EU-14 and the great estates in the EU-13.
As the European Commission studies say
:
“
The driving factors of the decline of agricultural farms are
mainly structural, economic and social and, to a lesser extent,
environmental.
Factors such as subsidies and prices
agricultural, and macroeconomic and demographic variables perform a greater
paper in new member states and affect differently from
different types of farms.
Prior studies on driving factors
of the agricultural structural change in the EU-27
indicate that the main determinant of the
agricultural structure is the agricultural structure itself in the
past.
- The strong dependence on trends
structural regarding local conditions, which show that
main structural factor of the decrease in the number of farms is
a market structure that favors intensive production and
large -scale farms, linked to increasingly reduced margins and
to the low negotiation capacity.
- In addition, barriers to entrance aggravate
the problems of demographic change (aging aging) and
Rural exodus.
- Although there is concern about the system of
Union subsidies, consensus is maintained
regarding such aids are
indispensable, but must adapt even more to reverse the
Negative effects
(Our Summary of “The Agricultural Model
European (MAE) (...) MAE dynamics ", of the summary of" The future of the model
European agricultural: socioeconomic and territorial repercussions of the decrease
of the number of agricultural farms and farmers in the EU ». The study
Complete, available in English, can be downloaded at:
https://bit.ly/3tSgpfa
).
Who favors subsidies?
1. To the landowners: the official data
indicate that more than 60 percent of agricultural farms are
capitalist tenants who pay capitalist income from the land or to
tenants in the new member countries that pay the rent or tax to
landowners of those countries in "transition process", which for now the
We will call like this to use an official euphemism.
2. To the great capitalists who invest in
Agriculture and the greats of bureaucratic capital in the new states
EU members, as the cited study says:
"Since the PAC focuses fundamentally
in addressing economic issues (agricultural income,
competitiveness, market pressures), a
disproportionate part of the expense is assigned to
great farms, thus accelerating
implicitly the concentration processes ”(Political Responses of the Study
aforementioned. PAC: common agrarian policy).
You have to differentiate subsidies
Agricultural of compensatory policies
.
The
governments mix both is to cover up the first prohibited by the rules
of the competition nationally and internationally (WTO), they go against the rules of
competition between capitalists, at present, under the conditions of the
monopoly or imperialist capitalism
.
Compensatory policies:
They are the ones that apply, when it has been arrived
to a situation in which the peasantry not only has to give up its entire
gain the (plusproduct) but has to deliver part of what its
livelihood to stay, means that it has entered below the minimum
Salary physicist. For historical reasons, it can fall below the
Physical minimum value, then social compensation plans apply, the
philanthropy; "The peasant, the traditional settler was sunk in the
humiliation of poverty and everything under the pretext of being owners
private. "That is what afflicts small farmers, that afflicts
The miifundistas. The little peasant worldwide.
The
governments, reactionary states, the European Union and the great
agricultural organizations, in redoubled collusion and reactionary struggle, which
They traffic demagogically with the interest of the peasantry and what they say
Represent it only represent the agrarian capitalists and the
Conservative peasantry, never to the revolutionary.
We do not intend,
In these lines, offer a study or an article finished on the subject of
agrarian movements in the EU, which are widely and deep through
of the set data the situation in the agriculture in the EU or in a country
determined, such complex theme; These lines are only notes about the subject,
as a necessary effort to point out the complexity of the problem, seeking
Advance in your Esclareciminto and
boost
your study and discussion to mobilize with the correct slogans to this part
of the population (the rural proletariat and the peasantry) in the countries
imperialists and oppressed countries that belong to the European Union,
Imperialist Alliance to seek to contend for world hegemony.
The solution for the proletariat and the
peasantry in imperialist countries is its red republic, this is to do the
socialist revolution and develop it with the dictatorship of the proletariat and in
Oppressed countries develop the democratic revolution in progress
uninterrupted to the socialist revolution, both through popular war
directed by the Communist Party.
1.
It is necessary to specify the relationship between theory and reality
:
- The scientific value of all the thesis of the
Marx's abstract theory "is the ideal of capitalist production, but never
the reality of this ". All the laws of capitalism discovered by
Marx describes only the ideal of capitalism, but never their reality.
- "We only set ourselves," Marx wrote -
present here the internal organization of capitalist production mode in its
Ideal measure "(in Ihrem Idealen Durchschnitt. Das Kapital, III, 2, 367;
trad. Russian, p. 688)
- Capital theory assumes that the worker
Receive the total value of your workforce. This is the ideal of
capitalism, but in no way its reality. Income theory assumes that
The agricultural population is totally divided into landowners,
capitalists and salaried workers. This is the ideal of ca-
Pitalism, but in no way its reality.
-
You have to differentiate
, therefore,
when
We talk about theoretical problems
, d
E When we talk about problems
concrete historical
. In the case of the "Agrarian Movement in the EU", "Las Las
Abstract truths of the theory only represent the role of thread
driver, instrument for the analysis of specific data ”.
The three
First details, preceded, come from a Lenin appointment, works
Complete, volume 4, p. 86 and the last of the same work cited p. 89.
-
The income of the Earth, we only address it to the extent that part of the
Plusvalía generated by capital goes to the landowner. Therefore, we assume
that agriculture, like manufacturing, is dominated by the mode of
capitalist production, that is, agriculture is carried out by
capitalists that initially differ from other capitalists only in
The element in which their capital and wage labor are invested
Post in motion by this capital.
- If he
capitalist production generally presupposes the expropriation of
working conditions of workers, then in agriculture
presupposes the expropriation of the land of rural workers and their
subordination to a capitalist who is dedicated to agriculture for the purpose of
profit.
- The previous requirement for the mode of
capitalist production is as follows: true farmers are workers
wage earners, employed by a capitalist, the lessee, who only practices
Agriculture as a special field of capital exploitation, as a
Investment of its capital in a special production sphere.
-This lessee capitalist pays to
landowner, the owner of the land that explodes, a sum of money
Fixed contractually (as does the capital borrower
monetary) on certain dates, for example, for permission to
Use your capital in this particular field. of production. This sum of
money is called land rent, regardless of whether it comes from
cultivable land, construction works, mines, if you pay fishing,
forests, etc.
- The
land rental, pay for all the time during which the owner
From the land he contained or rented the land to the lessee. Here,
Earth's rent is the way the property is made and used
economically.
- In addition, we have here the three classes that
They constitute the framework of modern society, together and faced: the
salaried worker, industrial capitalist and landowner.
The
Theoretical details that precede belong to Carlos Marx, Capital, t.
III, Sixth Section: Transformation of Plusganance in Basic Income,
Introductory information.
Intensive and extensive agriculture,
capitalist estates and semi -feudal estates. Commercial agriculture and
subsistence agriculture and mystage of small agricultural producers
.
Is
important to have a clear idea of what these concepts mean to
differentiate the capitalist or semi -feudal character of agriculture in the EU,
both in the 14, especially southern Italy and Spain, and to these countries,
With the 13th of Eastern Europe. Thus, we can differentiate large companies
capitalist agrarian of the large agro -export companies of the
Semifeudal agriculture.
Will continue